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When the Aztecs settled the Valley of Mexico around what is now Mexico City in the 13th century, they found a large salamander living in the lake surrounding the island where they built their capital, Tenochtitlán. They called the salamander"axolotl" after Xolotl, their god of fire and lightning.
Axolotls can grow on average to a length of 9 inches , but some have grown to more than 12 inches long. In captivity, the salamanders live an average of 5 to 6 years, but some have lived for up to 17 years, according to the University of Liverpool's The Animal Ageing and Longevity Database . How do axolotl reproduce?Axolotl reproduction starts with dancing — literally. After a male and female nudge and stroke one another's urogenital opening called the cloaca, the salamanders step in a circle in a sort of waltz, according to the University of Michigan's Animal Diversity Web . The male then struts away while seductively shimmying his tail, luring the female to follow.
Biologists considered this obligate trait of axolotls a major force of evolution – a characteristic that could genetically isolate a population from other nearby salamander species and, consequently, could drive the rapid development of new species. But a 2021 study in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that select sets of genes from axolotls and their relatives are almost indistinguishable .
In coordination with the Mexican government, scientists, farmers and nonprofit organizations are working to restore the axolotl’s habitat, using floating islands of water plants, logs and mud called chinampas to filter the polluted water, National Geographic reported . Organizations are also providing opportunities for interested tourists to see the salamanders in their natural habitats, with proceeds going toward conservation efforts.
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