Robert Lea is a science journalist in the U.K. whose articles have been published in Physics World, New Scientist, Astronomy Magazine, All About Space, Newsweek and ZME Science. He also writes about science communication for Elsevier and the European Journal of Physics. Rob holds a bachelor of science degree in physics and astronomy from the U.K.’s Open University. Follow him on Twitter @sciencef1rst.
"Atomic clocks bring cosmology and astrophysics down to Earth, enabling searches for ultra-light particles that could explain dark matter in a laboratory." Atomic clocks in use at the NPL the bullet cluster a collision between two galaxies with a morphology that indicates the presence of dark matter
, the mysterious substance that makes up an estimated 85% of all matter in the universe but remains effectively invisible to us because it does not interact with light or, more precisely, electromagnetic radiation. Scientists believe most galaxies are enveloped by a cloud of dark matter, but its presence can only be inferred by the effect it has on gravity.
"Atomic clocks bring cosmology and astrophysics down to Earth, enabling searches for ultra-light particles that could explain dark matter in a laboratory," Calmet said. So, for example, all atoms of cesium resonate at the same frequency, meaning the standard measure of a second can be defined as 9,192,631,770 cycles of cesium. Because this cycling per second occurs with far less variation than, say, the swinging of a pendulum, this makes atomic clocks incredibly precise.
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