A Planet has Been Found Orbiting Two Stars universetoday storybywill
For their study, Dr. Curiel and his colleagues combined VLBA data obtained between 2006 and 2011 with observations made of the system between 1941 and 2017. The resolution provided by the VLBA’s ten telescopes across the U.S. produced extremely precise measurements of the stars’ positions over time. They then performed an extensive analysis of the data that revealed the stars’ orbital motions and their common motions through space.
Their detailed assessment of the larger star’s motion showed a slight wobble resulting from a gravitational effect on the star, which revealed the existence of the planet orbiting it. Based on the level of gravitational influence, the team calculated that this planet is a gas giant, roughly twice the mass of Jupiter.
“This means that the planet moves around the main star in the opposite direction to that of the secondary star around the main star,” said co-author Gisela Ortiz-León, a researcher with the UNAM and the MPIA. “This is the first time that such dynamical structure has been observed in a planet associated with a compact binary system that presumably was formed in the same protoplanetary disk.”
The astrometric technique will be a valuable tool for characterizing more planetary systems, which will benefit from observatories like the planned. This massive network will consist of 244 18-meter dishes spread over a distance of 8,860 km , with an additional short-spacing array of 19 6-meter dishes at the heart of the telescope.
“Additional detailed studies of this and similar systems can help us gain important insights into how planets are formed in binary systems. There are alternate theories for the formation mechanism, and more data can possibly indicate which is most likely. In particular, current models indicate that such a large planet is very unlikely as a companion to such a small star, so maybe those models need to be adjusted.
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