Are antibodies induced by historic smallpox vaccination cross-reactive with the monkeypox virus? medrxivpreprint ErasmusMC antibodies antibody vaccine vaccination smallpox monkeypox virus
By Dr. Chinta SidharthanSep 12 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study posted to the medRxiv* preprint server, researchers measured the monkeypox virus -neutralizing antibodies produced by the vaccinia virus vaccine, modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccine, and monkeypox virus to understand the efficacy of the MVA-Bavarian Nordic vaccine currently being used against monkeypox.
Studies have shown the VACV vaccine to be reasonably effective against MPX in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The MVA vaccine induced antibodies and T cells in non-human primates. Consequently, the MVA-BN was approved for vaccination against monkeypox under different names in Canada, the United States, and Europe. However, studies on the efficacy of the vaccine in generating MPXV-neutralizing antibodies are lacking.
The suitable serological assays were selected by comparing the neutralizing activity of serum samples from infected and vaccinated individuals against MVA, VACV, and MPXV. The antigenic similarities of the poxviruses were also assessed. Furthermore, in persons without a pre-existing immune response against VACV, even two doses of MVA-BN elicited relatively low antibody levels with weak neutralizing capacity. The existing VACV-specific ELISA was sensitive in detecting VACV-binding antibodies in most of the serum samples, but the MPXV-specific ELISA developed in this study was less sensitive.
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