The state’s programme is costly, but has many potential benefits
Save time by listening to our audio articles as you multitaskCalifornia’s governor, Gavin Newsom, signed a bill last year to introduce free schooling for all four-year-olds by 2025. The first phase, for those who turn five between September 2nd and February 2nd, began this year. In each of the next three school years, extra months of age will be added, until all four-year-olds are eligible.
Is universal preschool worth the cost? A study released earlier this year created a stir when its results suggested that it was not. The researchers, from Vanderbilt University, found that pupils enrolled in Tennessee’s preschool programme went on to suffer from lower academic achievement in third and sixth grades, had more disciplinary troubles in elementary school and greater need for special education.
Academic outcomes are by no means the only impact. Each dollar invested can yield up to $13 in economic returns. The Perry Preschool Project, a study of 123 low-income black children who attended preschool in the 1960s, found that attendance not only improvedbut also increased earnings later in life and reduced crime. Other studies have had similar results.
There may be social benefits, too. Mario Luis Small, of Harvard University, found that mothers with children in child-care centres had more close friends, and poor mothers experienced less hardship, potentially through learning about important resources through their friends.
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