AI Fuels Surge in Identity Fraud in South Africa

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AI Fuels Surge in Identity Fraud in South Africa
AIIdentity FraudDeepfakes
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The South Africa Banking Risk Information Centre (Sabric) warns of a 337% increase in identity fraud, driven by sophisticated AI-powered tactics. Fraudsters are using AI to impersonate individuals, create deepfakes, and forge documents, posing a significant threat to financial security. Sabric highlights the use of injection attacks, voice cloning, and visual deepfakes in these scams. However, the report also emphasizes that AI can be a powerful tool for combating fraud, enabling businesses to detect anomalies, predict fraudulent activity, and enhance security measures.

Identity fraud in South Africa has surged by a staggering 337% over the past year, with artificial intelligence (AI) identified as a key driver of these sophisticated impersonations. This alarming revelation comes from the South Africa Banking Risk Information Centre's (Sabric) AI-Driven Fraud report. Sabric's findings paint a concerning picture of fraudsters increasingly leveraging AI to gain unauthorized access to financial accounts.

One method involves using AI to mimic individuals in what's known as an injection attack. In these attacks, malicious actors insert fabricated biometric data into security systems, effectively bypassing them and gaining access. Sabric warns that these types of attacks are likely to escalate as the rate of AI-generated content continues to rise exponentially.Adding another layer of complexity, scammers are increasingly employing deepfakes – AI-generated images, videos, or audio that convincingly depict real or fabricated individuals. These deepfakes can be created using tools like Clony AI, Voice Celebrity, and Voice AI, requiring only one to two hours of voice content for training. The resulting clones can then be used in social engineering attacks to send voice messages, make phone calls, or even mimic an individual's unique communication style. This presents a significant challenge as demonstrated by a journalist who successfully gained access to their accounts by cloning their voice.The report also highlights the use of visual deepfakes in social engineering scams, where victims are manipulated into sending money or divulging sensitive information. A recent example in South Africa involved deepfakes of SABC News anchor Francis Herd, falsely promoting a project by Elon Musk. Similar incidents occurred at the beginning of 2025, featuring deepfakes of Patrice Motsepe promoting fraudulent investments in companies named Gold Earnings and Africa Gold. Deepfakes are also being used to circumvent selfie verification mechanisms and open bank accounts.Furthermore, generative AI is increasingly being used to forge documents, with identity documents being particularly vulnerable. Attackers who gain access to an ID document can use it to apply for credit cards, open new accounts, or engage in money laundering activities.While AI undoubtedly empowers fraudsters to execute increasingly sophisticated attacks, it also offers businesses valuable tools to defend their customers against these threats. Sabric emphasizes that AI can significantly enhance a system's ability to detect fraud and anomalies in data. Unsupervised learning techniques, such as autoencoders, compress data and attempt to reconstruct it. Any significant reconstruction errors may indicate anomalies in the data, potentially signifying fraudulent activity. Supervised learning models, on the other hand, involve training models with labeled data, including both fraudulent and non-fraudulent transactions. This approach enables the models to learn patterns and characteristics associated with fraudulent activity, ultimately improving their ability to identify suspicious transactions.AI-powered systems can also leverage logistic regressions to predict the probability of a fraudulent transaction, assigning a probability score to each transaction. By setting thresholds for these scores, businesses can prioritize transactions that exhibit a high probability of being fraudulent, allowing for more efficient and targeted investigations

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