After more than 2 decades of searching, scientists finger cause of mass eagle deaths

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After more than 2 decades of searching, scientists finger cause of mass eagle deaths
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After more than two decades, the cause of mass eagle deaths in the southeastern U.S. during the '90s was cracked last year. ScienceMagArchives

and shows that it harms not just birds, but fish and invertebrates, too."This research is a very, very impressive piece of scientific detective work," says microbiologist Susanna Wood of the Cawthron Institute. An unusual feature of the toxic molecule is the presence of bromine, which is scarce in lakes and rarely found in cyanobacteria. One possible explanation: the cyanobacteria produce the toxin from a bromide-containing herbicide that lake managers use to control the weed.

Wildlife biologists with U.S. Geological Survey and local institutions first detected the eagles' brain disease, now called vacuolar myelinopathy, at DeGray Lake in Arkansas in late 1994. They soon learned that coots and owls at the lake were dying with similar brain lesions. The researchers ruled out industrial pollutants and infectious disease, and they couldn't find any algal toxins in the water. Then funding ran out, and the scientists turned to other projects.

Niedermeyer's lab discovered the neurotoxin was fat-soluble, which is unusual for cyanobacterial toxins and suggests it can accumulate in tissues. Fish and birds are exposed when they eat hydrilla coated with the new species of cyanobacteria, and then the toxin may move through the food web as eagles and owls consume afflicted prey.

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