Home Reef Erupts in the Southwest Pacific Ocean The underwater volcano has again created a small island. In the southwest Pacific Ocean, a seafloor ridge with the highest density of underwater volcanoes in the world stretches from New Zealand to Tonga. On September 10, 2022, one of these underwa
seamount in the Central Tonga Islands has repeatedly ejected plumes of steam and ash, oozed lava, and discolored the surrounding water.
Eleven hours after the eruption first began, a new island rose above the water surface. The Operational Land Imager-2 on Landsat 9 captured this natural-color view of the young island on September 14, 2022, as plumes of discolored water circulated nearby.suggests that these plumes of superheated, acidic seawater contain volcanic rock fragments, particulate matter, and sulfur.
The Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone is a convergent plate boundary that stretches from the North Island of New Zealand northward. The formation of the Kermadec and Tonga Plates started about 4–5 million years ago. Currently, the eastern boundary of the Tonga Plate is one of the fastest subduction zones, with a rate up to 24 centimeters per year.
On September 14, researchers with Tonga Geological Services estimated the area of the island to be 4,000 square meters and the elevation to be 10 meters above sea level. By
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